Guide

How to secure a domain that sends no email

Parked and website-only domains are easy targets for spoofing. Three DNS records — null MX, a deny-all SPF record and DMARC reject — lock them down.

Domains you own but never send mail from are attractive to spoofers precisely because nobody watches them. With no SPF or DMARC records, receivers have nothing to reject forged mail with. Locking one down takes three DNS records and no maintenance.

1. Null MX: receive nothing

example.com.  MX  0 .

A single MX record pointing at "." (RFC 7505) tells senders the domain accepts no mail, so they fail immediately instead of queueing and retrying for days. Remove any other MX records.

2. SPF: nobody may send

example.com.  TXT  "v=spf1 -all"

No server is authorised, so every message claiming the domain fails SPF.

3. DMARC: reject everything that fails

_dmarc.example.com.  TXT  "v=DMARC1; p=reject;"

Because nothing legitimate is ever sent, there is no rollout: go straight to p=reject. Add a rua= address if you want to see how often someone tries. The policy also covers subdomains, unless you set sp= otherwise.

Optionally: revoke every DKIM selector

*._domainkey.example.com.  TXT  "v=DKIM1; p="

An empty key revokes it, and the wildcard covers every selector, so no DKIM signature claiming the domain can ever verify. The reserved example.com domain is set up exactly this way.

Optionally: wildcard SPF

Subdomains are covered by the parent's DMARC record, but SPF is not inherited. A spoofer using billing.example.com gets no SPF result, which DMARC p=reject still rejects. If you want SPF to say so explicitly, a wildcard *.example.com TXT "v=spf1 -all" does it, as long as no other TXT records exist under that wildcard.

Check all of it at once with the email security report, which recognises a null MX and a revoked DKIM wildcard.

Check a domain

More guides

  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC explained How the three email authentication standards fit together, what each one proves, and which you need to stop people sending email as your domain.
  • How to create an SPF record Build a correct SPF record step by step: find every service that sends as you, add the right includes, pick between -all and ~all, and avoid the common mistakes.
  • Fixing "SPF PermError: too many DNS lookups" Why SPF stops at 10 DNS lookups, how the count is worked out across nested includes, and four ways to bring a record back under the limit.
  • Moving DMARC from p=none to p=reject A safe rollout plan for DMARC: start monitoring, read the aggregate reports, fix legitimate senders, and step up to quarantine and reject without losing mail.
  • What DKIM is and how to set it up How DKIM signatures work, where the public key lives in DNS, what a selector is, and how to turn DKIM on for the services that send your mail.
  • DMARCbis: what changed in DMARC in 2026 (RFC 9989) DMARC was revised in May 2026 as RFC 9989, 9990 and 9991. What is new, what was removed — pct, rf and ri — and what to change in your record.
  • DKIM2: the next version of DKIM, explained DKIM2 is an IETF draft that chains signatures across every hop, records how intermediaries change a message, and stops DKIM replay. What it does and where it stands.
  • How to set up MTA-STS and TLS-RPT Stop attackers stripping TLS from email sent to your domain. Publish an MTA-STS policy in testing mode, collect TLS-RPT reports, then enforce.